Who Wrote The Bible Review - 1376 Words

Who Wrote the Bible Review For many, the Hebrew bible is read and accepted without question. It plays a significant role in the practice of many religions and yet not many dare to wonder who wrote such sacred writings that would still be read to this very day. For generations, it was almost unheard of to ask or even fathom the identity of the author. Richard Elliot Friedman, a biblical scholar and graduate from Harvard University, explores, studies, and analyzes the bible to discover who wrote it. Having earned a master degree in theology, B.A degree in Philosophy, and master degree in Hebrew literature, Friedman proves to be a knowledgeable expert in his field of studies. From the years of work he invested into, Friedman aims to provide convincing evidence that the book is written by four persons through historical, archaeological, logical proof. Friedman s structure to prove that source J and E were written by different authors was jointed together because they complimented each o ther in their differences. Friedman believes that source J was written by a man in the southern kingdom of Judah between the time of 848 B.C and 722 B.C while the author of source E was written in the northern kingdom of Israel between 922 B.C. and 722 B.C. The narration of the stories and the time period it was written in was used to support this idea. One of the stories he used was the story of the twins. In the story, the younger brother, Jacob, gets his fatherShow MoreRelatedBible Critical Reflection1108 Words   |  5 Pagesa Christian, especially someone who was a Christian from birth, the Bible is something I have been familiarize with very well. I have had multiple editions growing up, I read through it cover to cover once, and I would say that the Bible is something that I am comfortable with. I could sit down and just enjoy the stories, listen to the Psalms to help relax if I get stressed out, study Revelation and Daniel and compare them to world events, or I could go to the Bible for some marriage advice. One thingRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is A Discipline Method1650 Words   |  7 Pagescorporal punishment include hitting a child’s bottom, slapping, grabbing, shoving, or hitting a child with a belt or paddle† (Mince-Didier). Supposedly people against spanking define it broadly so that it can be easily be connected to child abuse. People who support spanking tend to uses definitions from the dictionary. The Oxford English Dictionary, states that the verb spank means to â€Å"slap with one s open hand or a flat object, especially on the buttocks as a punishment† (Spank). Either against orRead MoreEssay about What is the Bible?1029 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT IS THE BIBLE? What is the 1 What is the Bible? This paper will define the Bible and examine it’s origin, inerrancy, purpose, and power. The reasons for studying the Bible will also be discussed along with scriptures and historical data. The fact that the Bible has stood the test of time and has not been destroyed, even thoughRead MoreMartin Luther s The Doctrine Of Justification905 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther redefined and explained the term using scripture references and as the result changed Christianity. The word justification is mentioned in several passages in the Bible; both in the Old and the New Testament. For example, Titus 3:7, Galatians 3.24, Romans 5:1, and in Isaiah 42:21, just to name a few. The Bible has been very clear on the topic of justification, especially the statement that justification is by faith alone. For example, in Galatians 3:16-17, Paul writes â€Å"Yet we know aRead MoreAuthor Bart D. Ehrman on Scriptures1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdevout episcopal Christian who converted to evangelical Christianity, in an essence, re-embraced the religion at a young age and started studying Christianity. His education started off at Moody Bible Institute and the Wheaton College and later received his PhD in New Testament studies. During his studies, Ehram developed a particular interest about infallibility and inerrancy of the Christian scripture. In a quest of finding answers for his questions about Scripture he wrote a book Misquoting Jesus:Read MoreAnalysis Of The B ook Old Testament Survey II By Robert H. Stein1436 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Critical Book Review of Robert H. Stein’s A Basic Guide to Interpreting the Bible: Playing by the Rules. Biographical Sketch of the Author Stein gives a good discourse of available tools one might use to properly understand God’s Word that will be helpful to the learner’s task. If fact, he states in the Preface, â€Å"The basic goal of interpreting the Bible and other written texts should be to understand what their authors consciously sought to convey by what they wrote. It is the understandingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Lament For A Son 929 Words   |  4 PagesWolterstorff has several books published during his career as a philosophical theology professor in Yale Divinity. However, he wrote Lament for a Son with a different journal style since it is a personal thing for him. The book is similar to a journal as he narrates the events that happened before and after his son’s death. The emotions expressed in the book are common among people who lose close relatives. What matters is how a person handles the issue. Kubler-Ross invented the five stages of grief; denialRead MoreThe Historical Cri tical Method Of Bible Interpretation1749 Words   |  7 Pagesusing the historical-critical method in Lutheran seminaries, in the context of Scripture interpretation. Some scholars, who prefer Martin Luther’s grammatical-critical method, are concerned that the historical-critical method creates an environment of doubt and confusion. I will evaluate and review two articles that pertain to this subject, The Historical-Critical Method of Bible Interpretation written by Seigert W. Becker and Higher Criticism and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America writtenRead MoreProsperity Gospel1546 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome an outlet for the people who have a considerable amount of money as a means to justify their wealth. Whatever the reason for believing this gospel, it is important to remember that Prosperity Gospel is just one of the many ways that we can interpret the teachings of the Bible. First of all, Prosperity Gospel is based on the belief that by strong faith, God will repay you with health and wealth on Earth. An article written in the journal The Evangelical Review of Theology called â€Å"ProsperityRead MoreWhy Homosexuality Is Not Just An Issue960 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Book Review Introduction. In People to be Loved-Why Homosexuality is not Just an Issue, Preston Sprinkle goes into an in depth discussion about homosexuality and how it is not just about being an issue and sin, homosexuality is about the treatment of the people. The tone of this book is conversational, making the understanding of the issues at hand much easier to comprehend. Summary. In People to be Loved, Sprinkle wrestles with the ideas of homosexuality in the Bible, as well as, reflecting

A Survey On Anxiety Disorders - 1415 Words

A survey carried out by YouGov (2014) found that 4.7% of the UK population suffer from an anxiety problem, with almost one in five people reporting either feeling anxious all of the time or a lot of the time. Due to these figures more and more researchers are attempting to find ways to treat and prevent anxiety. Anxiety can be described as having a feeling of unease ranging from mild to extreme (NHS, 2014), it is a normal response to a threat or stress and is usually controllable, however some individuals develop anxiety disorders, which seriously impact upon their lives, these include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and many more (Baldwin et al, 2008). Symptoms of anxiety are both†¦show more content†¦running is associated with reductions in anxiety (Petruzzello et al, 1991; Petruzzello, 1995). Although this theory is generally accepted, some theorists have questioned whether reduced anxiety following exercise is really due the practice of exercise itself or the relief that a stressful event is over (Petruzzello et al, 1995). A recent study conducted by Bartley, Hay Bloch (2013) carried out a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise as a treatment for anxiety disorders. It was concluded that aerobic exercise had no significant effect for the treatment of anxiety disorders. This gives reason to investigate the impact of a non-aerobic exercise on a participants anxiety levels. Yoga can be defined as a non-aerobic exercise and is defined as an â€Å" ancient Indian combination of techniques, which include physical postures, voluntarily regulated breathing, meditation, as well as certain philosophical principles† (Taimini, 1986, cited in Telles, Gaur Balkrishna, 2009). One of the most popular forms of yoga, which is used frequently in the literature, is Hatha Yoga. Hatha yoga involves the use of breathing techniques, postures and meditation to better physical and mental wellbeing (Li Goldsmith, 2012). It is suggested that during low exertion exercise, such as yoga, individuals are required to think about what they are doing, develop awareness of their bodies and feel their movements (Lidor, 1999). A recent study

Negative Impact of Technology on Everyday Life Free Essays

Lexie Orr Research Paper Period 5 11 March 2013 Two Paragraphs Technology has officially taken over the world as it’s known. The urge to learn more as one ages has been swallowed by the urge to own the â€Å"Next Big Thing† as current gadgets outdate. As a result of this new technological era, the importance of education is being burnt out by the importance of technological advancement. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impact of Technology on Everyday Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers have been outdated due to the constant reliance of technology to spur out whatever information needed. Also, dependence on high technology has rid of the need for everyday in-the-home skills, things like cooking, dishwashing, and even cleaning. In addition, technology can have a great negative impact on family life. Although technology has widened opportunities for America’s everyday life, American intelligence has greatly declined due to the amount of work high technology minimizes that no longer requires us to use our abilities to think, memorize, learn, or even work. The technology era is damaging the average Americans brain. â€Å"Why do we need to learn this, all I have to do is Google it! How many times is this repeated daily in classrooms all over the world? Who can be sure, possibly more times than one can count on their own unless maybe of course there’s a calculator handy. The position of teachers everywhere around the world is becoming more useless every single day. Children no longer feel the need to tune in during class time knowing they have access to all the answers they could possibly need at the click of a button at any time. With online mathematical equation generators, book answers, and scientific calculators, the need for a math teacher is quickly diminishing. Computers now have spell and grammar check in which fix any word spelt or used incorrectly, and any wrongly written sentences, leaving grammar teachers with nothing to teach. Also, book and poem analysis and any old language translations can be found on the web with just one search making it hard for literature teachers to enforce their students to read, analyze, and think. One thing widely gone unnoticed is the measure of importance for teachers to pass on interpersonal and basic everyday off-technology skills in which technology can not impart. Nathaniel Wilkinson gives his say about technology depriving children of these everyday skills in saying, â€Å"Now I like the idea of having the computer to reinforce the knowledge already possessed by my students but using it in place of human interaction will only dull the students sense of respect for authority and interaction between live human beings and themselves† (Wilkinson). Children and teenagers have become so concerned in technology that they block out everything else teachers have to offer, missing out on these learnt traits of human interaction and verbal learning skills. How to cite Negative Impact of Technology on Everyday Life, Essay examples

Personal Look Into Wellness Essay Example For Students

Personal Look Into Wellness Essay A Personal Look Into Wellness Essay When I am not feeling well I find relief and comfort talking to my girlfriend. Occasionally I may think of topics such as my future and particular things I want to achieve and I fluster myself with over exaggerated thought with issues like college and school and people and everything else thats happening at that moment in my life, but talking to my girlfriend allows me to release any anxiety that I may posses created by the persons around me and places order back into my thinking. When I talk, she listens with a glowing understanding and she always suggests ideas that may help solve my problem or piece back together my disarray of thought. Since the time I began to confide in her about my most personal upsets she has become not only girlfriend but my best friend as well. Being with her allows me to experience a closeness that I have never experienced with anyone. She is the one person that can make me feel better and happier about myself. She helps me forget about problems that dont need to be worried about by just being and talking with her. To me she is that one very special person that I love. The feeling of love for her is a deep, passionate, caring, understanding, and unconditional love. Ph.D. Shelly Wu of the university of Pennsylvania says that love is an intense feeling for a certain person or thing. In my opinion love is truly indefinable in the sense that I cannot explain or break down the exact way I feel for my girlfriend. I do not disagree that it can be described, but to truly know love is to love and by loving, you will undoubtedly be loved in return. You might not achieve the classical sense of, that special someone love, but you can find love in friends and family which is another form of love and it can all be just as fulfilling just as long as you committed to loving. As long as it is understood that love is not just a four-letter word or trait but more of a mutual connection between two people, it can be easily be comprehended. The clearest way that I believe love can be explained is, less is more, meaning that the less your see love as a definition or a tangible object, the more you will realize that it is a feeling from within, an untold language that can not be heard with ones ears but with ones heart. It would be a lie to say I never once experienced happiness before I met her but it would be true to say I have never felt happiness on this level that I am now. When I was younger, I was not happy, nor was I depressed but some how I found a median between the two. Two irresponsible parents preordained my future. The choices they made affected my life as well as theirs. My mother as well as my father established themselves among friends and families as substances abusers. They became addicted to cocaine and heroine at a young age. They began to lie, cheat, and steal from the people that loved them the most. The longer the stayed substance abusers that larger the craving for heroine and cocaine became and the larger it became the more money the stole. Once I reached the age of five they divorced and shortly after their departure from each other my father held up a corner store to pay for his drug habit and was arrested soon after he committed the crime. He was sent to San Quentin to serve out his sentence of ten years and I was allowed to visit him once in that time with his parents. All of this was because my parents wanted a better sense of wellness but the wellness they were receiving was a false since of wellness that only created more and more problems, which developed into stress. After becoming addicted to heroine the body craves it more often and what use to be habit turned to a necessity and money becomes more and more scarce as it is spent all .

Whats Happening Richard Schechner Essay Example

Whats Happening Richard Schechner Paper Whats Happening Richard Schechner?: A Look at Schechners Ideas of the New Theatre Richard Schechner envisions a new theatre in three of his major essays, Happenings (1966), Six Axioms for Environmental Theatre (1968), and Negotiations with the Environment (1968).He does not spend time discussing his famed not not themselves ideology of the performer or ritual ecstasy; instead he discusses a new genealogical hybrid termed the new theatre by Allan Kaprow.Schechner uses the traditional theatre as a comparison andfirst comments in Happenings because it is unlike traditional theatre, the familiar locutions of these arts, e.g., dance, music, sculpture, painting cannot describe whats going on or provide criteria for which to evaluate it (145). Still, Schechner does provide many a comparison between the traditional theatre and this new form. Schechner recognizes that the theatrical event is a complex social interweave, a network of expectation and obligation.The exchange of stimuli-either s ensory or ideational or both-is the root of theatre (158).Knowing this, the author claims all theatre, both traditional and new, is a set of related transactions (changes in outlook and situation).How these transactions occur is what defines the art form.For example the traditional theatre works from an organic system of correlations concerning character, story, and locale.Likewise, Susanne K. Langer states, traditional theatre runs on a continuum of past and future as parts, (147) organic parts developing the situation.It involves a series of understandable transactions.However, the new theatre lacks this destiny of time.There the referents to everyday life are purely functions of sounds, textures, and images (147). Schechner basically break

Human Resources Development Example

Human Resources Development Example Human Resources Development – Article Example Human resource development Jian and Jiang ed the article that the International Business & Management journal published on August 31, Theauthors aimed to develop an understanding on factors that affect rural human resource development and policy measures to the factors in Chongqing. The study used probability-sampling approaches for sample selection and recruited participants from 23 villages. Questionnaires were then used for data collection from a total of 750 research participants but 30 participants did not respond while 20 of the returned questionnaires were not valid. The considered sample was balanced with respect to age and gender and quantitative data analysis software was used to analyze the data. Institutional factors to rural human resource development identified loss of rural talents as young people, especially trained people, move from rural areas. Further, the government plays minimal role in ensuring health security. Direct help to farmers has significant benefits whi le free education policy has not benefited people in the rural set up. Even though the government has agencies and personnel for rural human resource development, effectiveness of such agencies is just average. Rural residents also lack training and awareness that the government should provide to them and they believe that the government’s performance in human resource development is poor. The participants however reported appreciation of education and their willingness to try new skills even though government’s investments in human capital remain poor. Identified challenges to rural human resource development included single mode of income, urbanization, and the labour market. The research identifies changes in the government’s approach to the human resource development, awareness creation on potentials, and facilitated outflow of labour (Jian and Jiang, 106- 111).Works citedJian, Xiang, and Jiang, Wu. â€Å"Study on the rural human resource development influe nce factors and the policies response: Evidence from Chongqing city.† International Business and Management (2013) 7.1, 106-111.

Portfolio of Festivals and Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Portfolio of Festivals and Events - Essay Example Among the members of its member are renowned business organizations like Nokia, Sprint, IBM, and Makewave and ProSyst. With its quest in providing specification, reference implementations, test suites, and certification to foster a valuable cross-industry ecosystem, it conducts a four day community event which it refers to as OSGi Alliance Community Event. This four day event highlights the technology of the organization and the services that it offers. It is especially targeted to developers and business decision makers who will "gain valuable and actionable information and instruction" (OSGi Alliance Community Event 2007). OSGi prepares the event for the benefit of a company which also capitalizes on technology for survival and success. Members and non-members alike are invited to join this In the current year, this community event is hosted by Siemens and is conducted from June 26-28. The event is described as "value-packed" because it features lightning talks, business practices, and business patterns. Having members which are in the forefront of technological advancements it also provides keynotes from thought and industry leaders. Enhancing this event are the presentations by OSGi Alliance CTO BJ Hargrave and Evangelist Peter Kriens (OSGi Alliance Community Event 2007). In order to include all the essential functional departments in a business organization, the community event requires three participants from member companies. The first day which is June 26 becomes a Marketing Committee Meeting while June 27 and 28 are Members Only and Expert Group Meetings, respectively (OSGi Alliance Community Event 2007). In order to join the event, participants are required to fee registration fees according to their status in relation to OGSi: non-members pay 500; associate members pay 450; while full members pay 400. It should be noted that the aforementioned fees will cover only the materials and activities and are exclusive of accommodation fees. This year's event is conducted in Munich (OSGi Alliance Community Event 2007). 2. Sporting Event: All Star NBA Game Widely regarded one of the greatest gathering of basketball stars that are playing the current game, the players selected to represent the Eastern and Western conferences via votes of the public and the NBA coaches have to prove themselves worthy of their selection in this game. As the highlight of the NBA All-Star Week, basketball points scored in this game are normally fast and furious, with lots of slam dunks and creative plays for the excitement of the fans being made by the players. In this game, the players

IHRM------read the requirement i send you carefully Essay

IHRM------read the requirement i send you carefully - Essay Example It allows the smooth interaction between the managers and employees who are being transferred to the regional and subsidiaries headquarters. It also helps the company to move from the pure ethnocentric approach to the polycentric and geocentric approach. It also provides federalism at regional levels than the country level and restricts the company to a global basis. One of the major disadvantages of this policy is that sometimes the employees from the other countries are selected instead of home countries which lead to cultural differences. The career graph of the employees is limited to the regional headquarters and not to the parent headquarters. Ethnocentric: It is a hiring and staffing policy that is used in companies for strategic orientation purpose. In this policy the employees are chosen by the top management sitting in headquarters to move from their home to host countries. This approach is also used in certain managerial situations like when the company opens up its new br anch in a new location it sends some of its senior managers in setting up the business. The strategic decisions are made in the headquarters with limited subsidiary autonomy. The important designation are allocated in the foreign and domestic operations which are decided by the headquarter personnel. The top management also helps in managing the operations and functions of the subsidiary plant. ... Geocentric: This is regarded as a global approach with worldwide integration and each department of the company makes a unique contribution. This is because the company accepts the worldwide marketing approach and the operations of the subsidiaries become global. The manufacturing and processing facilities are integrated to serve the regional and national markets. In this approach the companies adopt transnational orientation. As per this orientation the top management sends it best employee to the subsidiary plant. This strategy is applicable where the best employees are selected and sent to the various branches of the company worldwide. Comparison of Domestic & International Human Resource Management In terms of similarity, both domestic and international human resource activities help in the effective cultural settings, relocation, and hiring, staffing and planning policies. These management practices help the employee and employer equally to maintain functionality within the orga nization and seek aid from the developed employment policies (Bernardin, 2007). The domestic and international human resource policies help in maintaining uniformity and harmonizing the entire organizational systems (Bose, 2004). However, Human Resource (HR) policies of different organizations vary due to the legislative, administrative policies and court decisions but all together they contribute to the effective design of the organizational structure (Brookins, 2009). These include taxation, orientation and relocation. They also encompass administrative services which cater to the expatriates, inter government relations and also taxation services. When an employee working in a branch of certain company is transferred to

Issues in Contemporary media and cultural studies(Journal) Essay

Issues in Contemporary media and cultural studies(Journal) - Essay Example Hacking can be dated back to 1978 in the earlier days of Bell Telephone Companies, where earliest mischief’s of application of modern community were experienced. However, at the moment it was not known as hacking. This paper aptly examines the theoretical and contextual perspective of hacking. It also examines the comparison of various types of hacking and evaluation with their interpretations. It further examines the social and political hacking of media. Hacking comes with different and conflicting definitions. For the purpose of this paper, Hacking is defined to â€Å"unauthorized access to a computer network† (Kumar, 2012, P.1). Hacking can also be defined as the use of various software methodologies using programming experimentation to achieve intended ill gain. According to Kumar (2012), hacking can be stated as unauthorized intrusion; hence the act of gaining access to a computer network with an absence of legal authority. The person who performs the act is a hacker. However, it must be noted that not all hackers are bad (Kumar, 2012), since the government and some huge companies use hackers to maintain their computer network security in order (Rogers 1994).Computer intrusion is regarded as unethical act (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001), and there are laws that have been passed for purposes of prosecuting such acts (Spafford, 1992, p.7), hence it is regarded that once an individual uses his hacking ability to perpetrate a cri me, he is deemed as a criminal (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001). Numerous debates have sparked off in matters regarding to ethical hacking and crime intrusion (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001, p.54). Ethical intrusion is associated with ethical hackers who tend to utilize their knowledge in hacking to improve the system (Doss, Smith &Yurcik, 2001). Conversely, illegal hacking has continued to enjoy triumph celebration from hacking community. According to Leeson, hacking has a long

The bad advice

The bad advice The thirty-fourth president of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, famously stated, You do not lead by hitting people over the head thats assault not leadership. Although, in modern times this statement may seem quite logical, it is interesting to note that in todays world there are still nations that are lead by power hungry politicians who have no interest in the well being of the people that dwell in their impoverished nations. These dictators main leadership tactic is simple: they rule by injecting fear into the masses. The Prince, written by Machiavelli, explores the complicated world of leaders and in the end comes to its main argument that says, it is much more safe to be feared than to be loved, when you have to choose between the two. (Machiavelli, The Prince) While in many cases this may be true, it shouldnt be overlooked that Machiavelli wrote this work hundreds of years ago and as Bob Dylan had so perfectly put it, The times they are a-changin. With modern advanceme nts and the whole world trying to push itself in a new direction, Machiavellis ideas may now become out-dated and flawed. Machiavelli believes that if a leader is loved too much, this allows for the people to have too much power which eventually will result in revolt. Nevertheless, in todays world where democracy in many nations is the norm, being loved by the people has more benefits than being feared; by analyzing recent history one will be able to prove that leading with a more open mind is significantly better then leading people through fear. When referring to the word peace, a few instant political figures come to mind and one of these people is none other than Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Not only was Gandhi the political leader of his native nation India during the Independence Movement, but he was also regarded as the spiritual leader. His famous nonviolence practices had inspired independence movements not only in India but in countries all over the world. Gandhi is hailed to be Father of India and his leading practices did not involve any form of force or violence. Instead of using his fist, Gandhi would use his calm personality and persuasive public speaking techniques in order to win over the hearts of the people and lead a nation that was on the course of total destruction to salvation. Machiavelli urged that a leader should have some sort of physical control over the people, but little did he know that hundreds of years later a man by the name of Gandhi would completely shatter the foundations of former leading p rinciples. Gandhi, had famously stated, When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall- think of it, always. This inspirational quote proves that societies created by tyrants will eventually crumble and democracy and peace will forever prosper. In addition, Gandhi was not the first person to introduce the theory of non-violence but he was the first to practice it on such a large scale. By advocating non-violence Gandhi directly contradicts Machiavellis beliefs through the following quote: The science of war leads one to dictatorship, pure and simple. The science of non-violence alone can lead one to pure democracyPower based on love is thousand times more effective and permanent than power derived from fear of punishment.It is a blasphemy to say non-violence can be practiced only by individuals and never by nations which are composed of individuals. Gandhi message to the world is clear and simple: love and peace are far stronger and more effective then fear. Although, Machiavelli wrote in a completely different time period it is clear how Gandhi disproves his theories. (Http://www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org/bio_5000/bio5.htm.) If there was a man that was the complete anti- Christ of Gandhi that man would have been named Kim Jong-Il. Kim Jong-Il is the dictator of North Korea which was a country that was founded by his father in 1994. Although, his image inside the North Korean borders may be depicted as saintly, in reality it is the fear of the people he leads that actually give him his prestigious status. Many North Koreans officially refer to him as Great Leader, but if they werent pressured by his tyrannical rule they would most likely come up with different names for him; some of which would not be as pleasant as the name he holds now. Due to his strong grasp and negative influence he holds over his people, his country will never be able to prosper like many powerful democracies around the world. If one were to take a look at some of the most powerful modern nations they would realize that all of them are held together by a strong democratic backbone. The only nation in the modern era that seemed to pr osper even though it was ruled by a dictator was the Soviet Union, but like Gandhi had predicted it eventually collapsed just like all the other tyrannies that came before it. Once again, Machiavellis advice seems to have many flaws if it were to be used in the modern world. Kim Jong-Il is tirelessly trying to create a more powerful nation but is failing to do so because of his corrupt leading techniques. (http://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/BioKimJongil.htm) Machiavelli had mentioned that a leader can either implement harsh rule or be loved by the people but most likely he cannot be both, however the former ruler of China, Mao Zedong, may have disproved this theory. Mao Zedong was a Chinese revolutionary and at the same time communist leader. With any communist nation, harsh rule and strict policy is a given which makes it difficult for a communist leader to be popular with the people, but Mao Zedong somehow was able to be adored by his followers. To this day Mao is regarded in China as an incredible revolutionary, political mastermind, military genius and overall the savior of China. Many people give Mao credit for taking Chinas mainly agricultural society and transforming it into the economic powerhouse that is today. Although, many people praise him for his revolutionary genius, Mao didnt achieve all his accomplishments through the love of the people. He was in fact still a dictator more interested in the prosperity of his nation rath er than the prosperity of his people. Mao had implemented several political policies and purges which were now estimated to have caused the deaths of roughly sixty million people. Nevertheless, most Chinese people still hailed them as their hero because without him China would have ended up much worse without him. Mao again illustrates how Machiavellis advice does not apply to the modern world. (http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/) Many different leaders have their own leading styles, but what most modern and successful leaders have in common is that they lead democratic countries where the voice of the people is heard. Of course, there will always be exceptions to the norm such as Mao Zedong, but even he doesnt follow Machiavellis advice. All three figures presented in the earlier paragraphs disprove the idea that Machiavelli created years ago. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1997. Http://www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org/bio_5000/bio5.htm. MAHATMA GANDHI ONE SPOT COMPLETE INFORMATION WEBSITE. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. . Kim Jong il Biography North Korea. Asian History History of Asia. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. . Reference Archive: Mao Zedong. Marxists Internet Archive. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. .

Augustines God Vs. Epictetus God :: essays research papers

At first glance, I was immediatly inclined to argue in epictetus' favor, because it pains me to argue that Christianity is good for anybody. In the following paragraphs, i will contrast the God of Epictetus, and the God of Augustine, and in the end, my stand will be clear. Epictetus and Augustine both identify God on basic level. Epictetus says, "Where the essence of God is, there too is the essence of good. What is the essence of God?......Right Reason? Certainly. Here then, without more ado, seek the essence of good." He says strive for goodness, live in conformity with it, and you will find God. God is the vital force that creates all things and the cosmic intellegence that governs it from within. Augustine says: "Where I found truth, there i found my God, who is truth itself." He says strive for truth and understanding...In loving God, we love truth. Persons can come to know truth though inner experience and conviction, he holds that you can't obtain true knowledge without faith. you must have faith in God, who is the essence of all truth. Both philosophers address man's powerlessness in the face of God. Epictetus asserted that humans are basically limited and irrational beings, but that the universe, ruled by God through pure reason, is perfect. Because human beings can neither know nor control their destiny, they must cease striving for the attainment of worldly ends and pleasures and instead calmly accept the fact of their own powerlessness before fate. The only thing in a person's power is their response to events or outlook, namely, their morality. Augustine believed faith preceded reason. He believed people are good, but not perfect. But in Augustinean theology, each person is predestined to either heaven, or to fry like bacon, and there's nothing you can do about it. Salvation is a "free gift" with purchase, but only to every 7,000th caller. This is where i would think morality means squat. If you know God decided when you were born whether or not you were going to heaven, nothing you do makes any difference. You can step all over everbody, and run with scissors and it doesn't matter. If you go to hell, you were going there anyway. If you're going to heaven, you've got a few good stories to tell when you get there. On top of all this, Augustine says that no human mind can penetrate the mystery of of God's wisdom.

Critical Essay on ‘Follower’ Essay

A poem which explores the problems of growing older is the poem ‘Follower’ by Seamus Heaney. This poem is about Heaney’s childhood memories of his father working on the farm ploughing the land. Heaney talks very highly of his father and creates the impression of a very strong man who was an expert at what he done and a man who was his son’s hero. It also talks about how Heaney used to follow his dad around as he worked and how he dreamed of growing up and ploughing like his dad. However, there is a twist at the end of the poem and Heaney goes from talking about how he was an annoyance to his dad when he was younger but now his dad is the annoyance to him as he is now old. In the first stanza, Heaney talks about his father and his work. He is talking very highly of his father and says, â€Å"The horses strained at his clicking tongue† This quote shows how his father was a man who was extremely good at his work as it shows how his father could control numerous strong farm animals perfectly and with ease just by clicking his tongue, a very hard thing to do using reasonable force never mind just by a simple gesture such of the click of his tongue. The image the reader gathers from this quote goes well with the image of a strong, well-built man that we get when Heaney writes, â€Å"His shoulders globed like a full sail strung† These two quotes together give a very good impression of Heaney’s dad. Together they give the impression that his dad was a very heroic figure to him and that he aspired to be like him. It gives the image of the perfect male, a strong, graceful man that was an expert at his profession and that was an idol to his son. However, these hero-like images of his father when he was younger are dismissed later on in the poem when Heaney writes about how his dad is no longer the big strong man that is an idol to younger males but the complete opposite, someone who is annoying and in the way of him rather than being someone who he looks up to, follows around and aspires to be. These positive quotes of the young strong man and the negative image created by the last stanza go hand in hand to show the problems of growing older. The same kind of idea of the negative points of growing older are continued in to the second stanza when Heaney continues to talk about how his dad was so much of an idol to him and how his dad was someone to be looked up to and to aspire to be like when he was younger and in his prime in this stanza. This time Heaney says, â€Å"An expert. He would set the wing† This is a very powerful line. The short sentence of only two words to start off the stanza is very effective as it gives the impression that his father wasn’t only very good at his job but he was an expert, he was the best. This is once again showing how his father was so much of an idol to him and that he was a very respectable stereotypical perfect father when he was younger as it shows how good his father was at his job. The second part of the line shows that his father knew exactly what he was doing and gives us the impression that his father took his job very seriously and that he was very precise and concentrated when doing anything in his job such as setting the wing. The idea of his dad being so good at his job and being able to do it with ease is continued when Heaney writes, â€Å"The sod rolled over without breaking. At the headrig, with a single pluck† The quotes ‘without breaking’ and ‘with a single pluck’ reinforce the idea that his dad was an ‘expert’ at his job as they show that he could do hard work with ease and that he knew exactly what he was doing and that he could do it perfectly if he could turn soil without it even breaking and control his animals with a ‘single pluck‘. Once again it is the negative image of his father given in the last stanza as he is older that shows the negative effects of growing older as it is so different from the image you gather from the first two stanzas alone about how good his father was at his job and how strong his father was and how much of an idol his father was to him when he was younger. The image of his father being so strong and good at his job in his youth is continued throughout the next three stanzas. The idea of him being an expert and being someone to look up to who was strong and almost perfect is continued through the continued use of quotes such as, â€Å"the sweating team† This shows that the work was not easy. If the team of strong farm horses that where doing the job were sweating and tired you could only imagine how much sweat and effort Heaney’s father would have to put in to the work. It then continues to talk about his expertise in the job as it says things such as, â€Å"Narrowed and angled at the ground, Mapping the furrow exactly.† The first line shows how his father took his work very seriously and that he was very precise in what he done and that he made sure he done it to a good standard therefore he had to concentrate greatly on what he was doing. The second line also reinstates the fact that he was an expert at his work as it shows how he mapped the furrow in his head and made sure it was exact once again showing that he took it very seriously and had pride in his work. Heaney then goes on to write, â€Å"Sometimes he rode me on his back† This gives the impression that his father was the ultimate as he has talked about how hard his work was when he wrote about the ‘sweating team’ and he was talked about how much effort and concentration that he had to put in to his work but he says how he still even managed to carry his little son on his back while he did all of this. Something that would make the work even more harder and longer and would make it harder to concentrate but he still did it. However, all these quotes can be compared to the last three or so lines that show the real problems of growing older. Althought he had listed all of these positive things and even said how he literally followed in his fathers footsteps all day, he finishes of the poem by saying, â€Å"But today It is my father who keeps stumbling Behind me, and will not go away.† This really highlights the problem of growing older as it shows how people can just disregard someone when they get old regardless of what they thought of them when they were younger. Although Heaney had idolised his dad when he was young and wanted to be exactly like him and used to stumble behind his father and annoy him, now that it is Heaney in the position of having his father stumbling behind him and relying on him, Heaney doesn’t even want to know him. This is actually quite a sad ending to the poem as it really does highlight the problems of growing older as it shows how it seems that once you are older and start relying on those younger than you who once relied in you they don’t want to know you. So, as you can see, the author, Seamus Heaney has been very successful at exploring the problems of growing older in his poem ‘Follower’. Heaney does this by writing the vast majority of the poem about positive points about his dad when he was younger making him out to be a hero but then introducing a cruel twist in the last stanza about how even though he once idolised his dad and relied on him now that his dad relies on Heaney, he doesn’t want to know him.

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Facing IT Managers Essay

Cyber-security demands are ever increasing in the field of Information Technology with the globalization of the internet. Disruptions due to cyber-attacks are affecting the economy, costing companies billions of dollars each year in lost revenue. To counter this problem corporations are spending more and more on infrastructure and investing to secure the cyber security vulnerabilities which range anywhere from software to hardware to networks and people that use them. Due to the complexity of information systems that interact with each other and their counter parts, the requirement to meet specific cyber security compliances have become a challenging issues for security professionals worldwide. To help with these issues, security professionals have created different standards and frameworks over the years for addressing this growing concern of vulnerabilities within enterprise systems and the critical information they hold (â€Å"Critical Security Controls,† n.d.). Before we get into the details let first examine what exactly is a security vulnerability. By definition a security vulnerability can be flaws in hardware, software, networks or the employees that use them which in turn can allow hackers to compromise the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information system (â€Å"Common Cybersecurity,† 2011). To thoroughly discuss this topic in more detail I will first discuss Confidentiality as it is one of the three main goals of IT Security. Confidentiality is as simple as it sounds, limiting access to resources for only those that need it. Confidentiality vulnerabilities occur when hackers try to exploits some weakness or flaw  within information system and view information that they are not normally allowed to. In this case the confidentiality of the documents have been compromised. The second goal of IT security which can also be affected if security vulnerabilities are present is Integrity. Integrity by definition can mean many different things for different topics but for the IT world it solely relates to the trustworthiness of a document or resource. This means that the document or file has been unhindered or changed and is still in its original form. This is very important because if data has been hindered or changed it can cause substantial damage to corporations due to the possible wrong decisions being made like investments or unintended publications or even trouble with the law if tax audits are not adding up properly which would all result in a net loss. The last goal of IT security which can be compromised if security vulnerabilities exist is Availability of the information system. Availability refers to the idea that a resource is accessible by those that need it, whenever they need it. In my personal opinion I believe availability is probably the most important out of the three security goals. I say this simply because there are many mission critical applications out there that need to be online 24/7 and any downturn can result in catastrophic results. One prime example of this is the air traffic control towers at LAX; they were having problems with the system a few months back due to the U-2 spy plane flying over their airspace. This caused major panic which grounded taxied planes that were ready to take off and forced the manual tracking of planes already in air (Ahlers, 2014). Throughout this the paper I intend to report on the many different types of cyber-security vulnerabilities available and their effects. I will also describe in detail the vulnerability I feel is the most important facing IT managers today, its impact on organizations and the solution. As I stated before there are many different types of security vulnerabilities out there which can affect the integrity, availability and confidentiality of a resource. So the question still remains what exactly are t hese types of vulnerabilities? Especially since they range from software, hardware, networks and the people that use them. Firstly I will discuss the software vulnerabilities, more specifically in terms of web applications. This is because more than half of the current  computer security threats and vulnerabilities today affect web applications and that number is ever increasing. (Fonseca, Seixas, Vieira, Madeira, 2014). When considering the programming language used to develop web applications you have PHP which is considered a weak language, on the other hand you have Java, C# and Visual Basic which are considered strong languages. It is important to note that the language used to develop the web applications is very important because although the different programming languages are similar overall, each one has different rules of how data is stored, retrieved, the execution methods, tables and so on. For example when I say how data is stored and retrieve, I am basically regarding to data types and data structures and how the programming language that is being used maps their values into type fields like strings for names, Int for numbers, or even Boolean for true and false statements. Overall though even if you are using a strong typed language like Java, it does not always guarantee itself free from defects because the language itself may not be the root cause of the vulnerability but possibly the implementation methods used or even insufficient testing (Fonseca, Seixas, Vieira, Madeira, 2014). Vulnerabilities in web applications invite XSS exploits and SQL injection which are the most common types. Below you can see in the image the evolution of reports caused by SQL injection and XSS exploits over the years. This next section we will discuss some more types of security vulnerabilities, more specifically vulnerabilities with regards to hardware. Many people assume that hardware vulnerabilities have the lowest security concern compared to other types of vulnerabilities like software, networks and people that use them simply because they can be stored up in secure environments. The truth is even hardware vulnerabilities can be easily susceptible to attacks. Hardware in general have a longer lifespan than software because simply with software you can upgrade it and install new patches/builds even after deployment. With hardware you once you purchase it, you are most likely going to keep it for a while. When it does become obsolete and ready to be disposed a lot of organizations make the simple mistake of not securely disposing the old hardware properly which in turn opens up the door for intruders. Old hardware have software programs installed on them and other things like IC transistors whi ch can help  hackers learn a lot more about the organization and help lead to future attacks (Bloom, Leontie, Narahari, Simha, 2012). The most recent example of hardware vulnerability which caused one of the biggest Cybersecurity breaches in history was most recently with Target. 40 million credit and debit cards with customer information was stolen simply because a malware was introduced to the point of sale system through a hardware encryption vulnerability (Russon, 2014). Although hardware vulnerabilities are not normally the root cause for majority of the exploits and breaches out there, it is always still good to follow best practices. Network vulnerabilities will be the next topic of discussion and my personal favorite. Vulnerabilities through network systems are very common especially with the all the resources available to hackers today. There are many open source software programs on the market which can help intruders learn critical information about an organization. Just to name a few of the most popular and commonly used ones include Nmap security scanner and Wireshark. Nmap security scanner was originally developed to be used for security and system administration purposes only, like mapping the network for vulnerabilities. Today it most commonly used for black hat hacking (Weston, 2013). Hackers use it to scan open unused ports and other vulnerabilities which in turn helps them gain unauthorized access to the network. Wireshark on the other hand is also similar to Nmap as it was originally developed for network analysis and troubleshooting. It allows administrators to view and capture all packet resources that passes through a particular interface. Over the years hackers have started using Wireshark to exploit unsecured networks and gain unauthorized access (Shaffer, 2009). Although scanning unused open ports and capturing packets are a great way for intruders to gain access to a network, the most popular method by far to breach a network is USB thumb devices. Most enterprise networks are very secure in the sense that they use a DMZ (De-militarized zone) and outside penetration becomes very difficult. In a de-militarized zone outside network traffic must go pass through two different firewalls to get to the intranet of the organization. The first firewall includes all the commonly used servers like FTP, SMTP and all other resources that can be accessible by the public. The second firewall has the actual intranet of the organization which includes all private resources (Rouse, 2007). Below is the diagram of a DMZ. So the question still remains, since most enterprise organizations use DMZ which in turn helps prevent port scanning or packet analyzing, why is USB thumb devices the most popular network vulnerability? (Markel, 2013) The answer is very simple â€Å"Social engineering†. We as human beings, through social conditioning do not stop and ask questions when were not familiar with someone, which in turn has become one of the major causes for the cybersecurity breaches that occur today. Just to give one example from my own personal experiences at work, each floor has an authentication swipe policy to gain entry. Every time I enter the office area, there are a few people with me and only one person in the group usually swipes his/her badge to open the door. This is a huge security vulnerability because anyone can just follow the group and gain access to the entire intranet of the organization. In my case in particular I work for United Airlines headquarters in Chicago at the Willis tower which is more than 100 stories high and the fact that the entire building is not ours alone, this becomes a huge security concern. While I have briefly explained the vulnerabilities in software, hardware, networks and the people that use them, the question still remains, what is the most important security vulnerability facing IT managers today?. This answer to this questions differs person to person, and one must take into consideration the actual vulnerability, its threat source and the outcomes. A person with a small home business might only be concerned with denial of service attacks, since they may not have enough cash flow to properly secure their network. On the other hand an enterprise organization with large cash flow might have a different prospective and probably does not concern itself with denial of service attacks but instead is focuses on making sure all the systems are upda te using windows server update services. In my personal opinion though, you might have guessed it but it’s definitely us human beings because we have the tendency to fall victims and contribute to the successful security breaches that occur in today’s society. Mateti in his essay â€Å"TCP/IP Suite† stated that vulnerabilities occur because of human error. A study by Symantec and the Ponemon institute showed that 64 percent of data breaches in 2012 were resulted due to human mistakes (Olavsrud, 2013). Larry Ponemon the founder of security research at Ponemon Institute and chairman stated that â€Å"Eight  years of research on data breach costs has shown employees behavior to be one of the most pressing issues facing organizations today†, up by twenty two percent since the first survey† (Olvasrud, 2013). A prime example of this is when I stated earlier about how anyone can just enter my office area without swiping their card, just by simply following the group. This is a form of human erro r when employees are too intimidated to ask questions and request authorization from someone they believe does not work for the organization. The intruder can just walk in the front door pretending to be a salesperson, repairman or even a white collar businessman and may look like someone legitimate but in fact they are not. This intruder now has direct access to the intranet and can install malicious malware on to the computers to disrupt daily operations or even steal sensitive data like confidential project information, release dates, trade secrets and many more. A very good example of this is the Stuxnet worm which infect the Iranian nuclear facilities and caused a lot of damage internally which in turn delayed Iran’s nuclear development. All of the security measures that were put in place by Iran’s cyber defense team were circumvented simply by just one employee because the worm was introduced through an infected USB drive. This simply shows how the direct access from unauthorized users due to employee negligence can cause such tremendous damage and that all the perimeter defense become completely useles s. Another prime example of human errors was the RSA breach in 2011 where cybercriminals thought instead of just sending millions of phishing emails to different random mailboxes, let’s send personalized emails to specific employees. The employees at RSA thinking since it’s a personalized message its â€Å"safe† and clicked on the links unknowingly which in turn caused the malware to be downloaded on to the network. To counter this problem firstly IT managers need to properly train employees and give them specific guidelines to follow. Symantec has issued a press releases with the guidelines on how to properly secure sensitive data which includes information on how to train employees for these types of intrusions. Human error is not just limited to intimation or foolishness, it also expands too many different areas because after all it is us humans who manage the cyberspace, grant physical access to the terminals and systems that are connected to the internetwork. We setup the protocols used for communication, set the security policies and procedures,  code backend server software, create passwords used to access sensitive information, maintain updates on computers and so on (â€Å"Security 2011, † 2011 ). The human element matters very much possibly more than the software, hardware or the network systems especially when it comes to properly securing an internetwork from data breaches. The impact on the organization always depends on what type of business it is and what it is engaged in. For example if an organization is very popular and has bigger presence in the online commerce (Amazon and New Egg) compared to one that does not use the internet quiet often will be more concerned with web based attacks and vulnerabilities. The impact though regardless of the type of organization will always be tremendous. Once a breach occurs not only are you spending on recovering from its effects but you are also spending on beefing up your current security measures by installing new devices, hiring new employees so the same occurrence does not occur again (Hobson, 2008) Sometimes at the end of the day some of the cost are not even recoverable like sensitive data, trade secrets, personnel information or even customer information. Another major cost and headache that occurs once an organization becomes a victim of cybercrime is lawsuits. Many customers who feel that the organization could not protect their confidentiality will sue the corporation for millions of dollars which in turn can cause major loss. IT managers can do many things to help prevent breaches due to human errors. The first thing they can do is properly train the employees as stated above on a periodical basis and use current guidelines like Symantec to properly secure their intranet from any type of intrusion. IT managers can also establish a safe harbor in the sense that they can force employees to periodically change their passwords and establish rules so the password must be certain characters long and must include other types of characters besides just the typical alphanumerical ones. Employee negligence also due to bad habits like sending sensitive data over an unsecured email and IT managers must ensure that they continually educate their employees. There are many different types of security vulnerabilities out there in today’s world that are affecting organizations. In my personal opinion I believe human error is the one vulnerability that affects IT managers the most simply because we as humans make mistakes. It is in our nature and no matter how hard we try we will always be susceptible to deception either through social engineering tactics or clicking dangerous  links because it â€Å"looks safe† or even being negligent by not reporting something unusual. Employees need to realize that their actions can bring terrible consequences for both them and the organization as a whole. References Fonseca, J., Seixas, N., Viera, M., & Madeira, H. (2014). Analysis of Field Data on Web Security Vulnerabilities. IEEE Transaction on Dependable & Secure Computing, 11(2), 89-100 doi:10.1109/TDSC.2013.37 Russon, M. (2014, June 10). Forget Software Vulnerabilities, Hardware Security Must Improve Before It’s Too Late. International Business Times RSS. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/forget-software-vulnerabilities-hardware-security-must-improve-before-its-too-late-1451912 Bloom, G., Leontie, E., Narahari, B., & Simha, R. (2012, January 1). Hardware and Security: Vulnerabilities and Solutions. . Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.seas.gwu.edu/~simha/research/HWSecBookChapter12.pdf Common Cyber Security Vulnerabilities in Industrial Control Systems. (2011, January 1). . Retrieved July 12, 2014, from https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/DHS_Common_Cybersecurity_Vulnerabilities_ICS_2010.pdf Critical Security Controls. (n.d.). SANS I nstitute -. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.sans.org/critical-security-controls Ahlers, M. (2014, May 6). FAA computer vexed by U-2 spy plane over LA. CNN. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/05/us/california-ground-stop-spy-plane-computer/ Most Important Cybersecurity Vulnerability Facing It Managers. (n.d.). . Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/computer-science/most-important-cybersecurity-vulnerability-facing-it-managers-computer-science-essay.php Security 2011: Attack Of The Human Errors – Network Computing. (2011, December 22).Network Computing. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/security-2011-attack-of-the-human-errors/d/d-id/1233294? Hobson, D. (2008, August 8). The real cost of a security breach. SC Magazine. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.scmagazine.com/the-real-cost-of-a-security-breach/article/113717/ Direct, M. (2013, December 20). Human error is the root cause of most data

Useful Essay Writing Tips on Any Topic

Useful Essay Writing Tips on Any Topic How to Write a Brilliant Essay despite the Topic You may be the best research paper writer and face difficulties when completing an editorial at the same time. There is no magic formula for all academic assignments. They are different and comes with different requirements, languages and writing styles. However, there is a way to write brilliant essay papers of any type despite the topic. All you need is to think creatively and encourage your readers to explore and debate the topic. This is what we are going to learn in this particular article. Apart from keeping an eye on the shape of the paper, you also need to highlight your writing professionalism in every line. These parameters are clear. What are the other aspects to include in the academic paper? Analyze and Explore – carry out the research and explore the information you have found. Become an expert on the topic, Use as many available sources as you can; Write a Thesis Statement – writing a brilliant paper is impossible without a strong thesis statement. So, the next stage is to learn how to write a good thesis; Essay Examples – the global web comes as an endless source of useful information. Simply browse top writing website to find essay samples; Introduction and Conclusion – write them after you are done with the body paragraphs. Such approach results in better understanding of the topic as well as core ideas to indicate in the first and last paragraphs; Format your Paper – this is probably the toughest challenge. You need to learn all major formatting styles including APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, etc.; Proofread and Double-Check Your Paper – a brilliant essay should never contain the slightest hint of grammar or punctuation mistakes. Ask your friends to revise the paper or hire professional native-speaking editors. Now you are 100% ready to start the writing process and produce a solid content despite the topic. If you still have difficulties when getting started, hiring professional writing services is probably the best bet for you. How to overcome writing challenges? Essay writing is certainly a daunting task for thousands of students across the world. It is not just because they are bad at writing. The difficulties appear with every new type of paper and topic we need to handle. On the other hand, here are some tips that will definitely put an ease on the writing process: Plan Ahead – never strive to complete the paper two or three days before the deadline. The exploration process and research are more time-consuming than they seem. Plan your steps ahead and reserve some time for editing and revisions; Explore All Sources – find as many sources related to the topic as you can. Go online and check for articles, books, and other publications to support your point of view. At least you will have something to write about; Make a Plan – a good start is to conduct a clear outline. It will be your plan. Stick to it and make the writing process easier; Avoid Plagiarism – the slightest sign of plagiarism will doom your paper to academic failure. You can use special online services both free and paid to check and eliminate plagiarism. Or you can simply ask professional writers to complete your essay for you. They will deliver your paper on time without any mistakes. It will contain all structural elements and be 100% plagiarism-free. The option is certainly worth considering.

Strategic Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Perspectives - Essay Example A member needs to know the causes and effects that are related to his company in terms of governance and explore the software to manage his allocated company. The causes - effects and revenue profits relationships are determined by the stability of a business and its economic ethics. GLO-BUS enables its participants to apply their school business knowledge logically in handling business related matters. This exercise is realistic in a way that, those involved in it are exposed to managerial experiences, which are critical in the day running of the business (Hoffmann 2007, p.43). Introduction Reflective practice techniques can be useful in analyzing ones Glo-bus team experience. The reflective practices include taking part in self assessment to indentify the areas I can develop to become competent. Glo-bus experience allows its team members to make decisions in a year. During this period, the co-managers and I decide on the designs that we are going to use and the camera line performa nce, which in this case are always ten decisions to be made. Teachings on product operation and the compensation of workers are also offered. Others include knowing how to deliver prices and marketing, taking part in social responsibility by being a good citizen and being in charge of operations that govern the company. Participation in the team also instills us with the skills of accounting, providing more opportunities in becoming shareholders, which allows us to import duties and check on the exchange rates. Based on the reflective practice, the above actions require the team members to assess themselves properly to be able to implement them. According to reflection theory by Boud et al (1985), experience alone is not enough when it comes to learning. They perceive structured reflection as a way one can learn from experience Boud asserts "Perhaps if we can sharpen our consciousness of what reflection in learning can involve and how it can be influenced then we may be able to impr ove our own practice of learning and help those who learn with us" P. 21. Based on Glo-bus, we also learn that when presenting a report on results, it is important to involve the detailed information about the company, revealing its statistics and reports of other companies and their market performance. The decisions issued by the instructor determine the decision periods that will guide us on how our company will be running. To be familiar with the management, software practice has to be applied to understand the information provided on the screens and in reports. Decision and report screens are designed with help buttons that include elaboration on the cause and effect relationships, to give advice and guide us on what to do. In analyzing the experience gained from Glo-bus, reflection in action enables us to think critically and to understand the concepts we are taught and to deal with problems when they arise. The action that is reflected during our experience implies that, we sh ould think critically and maintain our experience for future use. Our experience as being part of the Glo-bus team had both positive and negative effects and some of the critical incidents that affected me and our team were varied. Starting with the positive critical incident, I will apply the Kolbs learning cycle whose theory consists of four stages that are involved in learning. It provides an explanation on how individuals use

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Managerial Finance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managerial Finance - Article Example the last couple of trimesters the crude oil prices have been consistently going up which is sign that the industry is in recovery and there are good profits to be made for players such as Vaalco Energy. The latest press release from Vaalco Energy announced that the company intends to implement a share buyback programme worth $10 million. This paper analyzes the strategic move of initiating a share buyback programme at Vaalco Energy. A share buyback programme refers too a corporate initiative to purchase its own shares from shareholders that are selling the common stock in the open market. These programs have a money cap which indicates the termination of the programme. In the Vaalco Energy case the cap of the programme is $10 million, which means that once the company is able to purchase that amount equity the share buyback programme ends. Once the company buys back these stocks the investment asset can be consider treasury stocks. Treasury stocks are created when a company does a share buyback and purchases its shares in the open market (Investopedia, 2009). The company intention on purchasing its own stocks should not have any impact on the industry as a whole. This it is not made for any strategic purpose associated with the external politics of the company, nor does it impact the competitors in any way. A share buyback programme is an internal financial management decision that the executive staff of a comp any selects with the authorization of the board of directors to take advantage of favorable market conditions. Share Buyback programmers should be initiated only if an internal valuation of the company’s values determines that the corporation’s stock is trading below expected value. When an investor’s sees that corporation initiates a buyback program the general belief is that the stock price of the company should be going up soon due to the fact that the firm has determine the company is trading below expected value. The initiation of such a

The contribution of the Key people Essay Example for Free

The contribution of the Key people Essay With reference to at least two different areas of study, discuss the contribution of the Key people, Movements, or traditions to the concept/theme of faith. The Oxford English dictionary defines faith as, complete trust, an unquestioning confidence. Many people, in defining faith, speak about believing in the impossible or trusting in something/someone without proof. As Watton states, Faith is our attitude in the presence of someone, or some event, whose goodness and greatness is greater than we can fully grasp, describe or explain. According to Michael P Gallagher, Faith is a gift of god a human yes of recognition spoken to a divine yes of love. Faith is about a journey, and a quest. A search for truth and meaning. Within the 2 areas of study- the theology of Luke and the Celtic Church and its missionary outreach in the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries, I will examine the concept of faith in relation to key people. I am also going to look at the religious theme surrounding faith-universality. In both Lukes gospel and the Celtic Church a number of key people are called to faith, to leave their old life and join Jesus in a new life of faith. In Lukes gospel, one key person who is called to faith is Simon. Jesus, in the call of the first fishermen asked the disciples to put out their boats. They did as Jesus commanded and a great catch of fish occurs. Simon falls to his knees and said, Depart from me Lord for I am a sinful man. Simons response is like that of Patrick who also bowed down in humility. He is shown as one with great faith and as a key person in Lukes gospel as he left his nets and followed Jesus. Likewise, as in Lukes Gospel we see that Simon arises as a key person who is called to a life of faith, so too in the Celtic Church Patrick emerges as a key person in responding faithfully to Gods call. Patrick was a nominal Christian who found God similar to the call Simon. Patrick was also aware of his sinfulness. I, Patrick, a sinneram to advert to my sins and turn whole heartedly to the Lord my God. In reflection, both Simon, and Patrick are faithful believers and key people in the theme of faith. As Simon is called by God to be a universal Saviour, Patrick too received this call and answers it by in turn calling all sections of Irish society to faith in Christ- I am going to the ends of the earth. Furthermore, for the key people in Lukes gospel and the Celtic Church, the call to faith involves a ministry. A group of key people in Lukes gospel are the 72 disciples. They are central examples of faith and are key people in carrying out Jesus mission. The mission of the 72 was to be a universal one. Luke continually underlines the disciples attempt throughout their ministry to bring salvation and faith to all Jesus taught. It was their work which led to the spread of the Christian faith. Similarly, in the Celtic Church, CB surfaces as a key person in spreading the faith. CB was also called to be a universal saviour and inspired many followers- he had to found a 3rd monastery in Fontaines due to the popularity. He worked with great energy for 24 years bringing people to faith in France, Switzerland, and Italy. His influence continued for centuries after his death as those he converted to faith now handed on the faith. The brothers he taught evangelised untold numbers and founded over 100 monasteries to protect learning and spread the faith. Thus, within the 2 areas of study, faith involved a ministry for the key people, in this case for the disciples in Lukes gospel and for the Celtic Church in the form of CB. Furthermore, it becomes apparent in reading both Lukes Gospel and the Celtic Church that faith involved opposition and difficulty. To follow the Lords conversion to faith involves sacrifice of family, jobs, security, and is fraught with many difficulties. In Lukes gospel, all key people encountered difficulties and opposition to their faith. The widows mite is one example of how faith is very costly. Jesus noticed the widow putting in 2 small coins and he said, I tell you that this poor widow has put in more than all the rest; she has offered her whole livelihood. This was an example of her total faith in God. It is also evident that the faith of key people within the Celtic Church also involved a huge cost. As the poor widow gave up all her possessions, so too were the monks in the early Irish Church expected to take vows of poverty and renunciation. Colmcille turned his back on his distinguished background, and travelled to Iona wishing to be a pilgrim for Christ. This demonstrates his total faith and obedience in Christ. It is therefore evident that faith involves opposition, difficulties, and conflict. Just as the widow encountered the cost of discipleship in Luke, so too did Colmcille face difficulties to his faith in the Celtic Church. Moreover, it becomes apparent that women, in both Lukes Gospel and the Celtic Church, were key figures. As Powell states, women figure more prominently in this book than anywhere else in the New Testament. Mary received a call to faith from God through a personal messenger. Her faith is explicitly shown in the magnificant. Mary responded faithfully to the request. Women in the Celtic Church are also shown to be key figures. Just as Mary displayed a great trust in God in becoming his handmaid, Bridget too answered her call in accepting the veil. She saw her call to faith as strengthening the church in Ireland. One way she did this was by building a double monastery at Kildare in order to bring people to faith. However the female disciples also encounter difficulties in their faith. They are seen as 2nd class citizens and often faced opposition. The widow at Nain for example was classed as an outcast because she had no male representative. Likewise Bridgit encountered opposition from her father in deciding to dedicate her life to God. Finally, it seems apparent that key people, both in Luke, and the Celtic Church are further demanded to show mercy and forgiveness as a way of bringing others back to faith in God. Jesus illustrates this demand to his disciples many times. The parables of the lost show Gods eagerness to bring people back to the faith. The disciples are to forgive others 7 times 70, forgiveness should be unlimited. Likewise, Patrick stands out as a key person in the Celtic Church who has obeyed Gods demand of mercy. Patricks letter to Corocticus illustrates his willingness to forgive even at the last minute before death. So, in reflection, it is evident that for the key people, both in the Celtic Church and in Lukes gospel, a life of faith involved many demands. In conclusion, the concept of faith is an important issue both in Lukes gospel and the Celtic Church. Jesus was the faithful believer who inspired faith in key people like Mary, the 72 disciples, and the first fishermen. Faith was also integral to the lives of the saints and the missionaries of the Celtic Church. Faith in Luke and the Celtic Church involved a call to faith, a ministry of faith, and opposition to faith. Many key women in Luke and the Celtic Church also exhibited faith. The concept of faith also has relevance for human experience today.

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme on Balance Score

Effectiveness of Exercise Programme on Balance Score This chapter deals with the summary and conclusion made from present study. It clarifies the limitations of the study, implications and recommendations given for various areas in nursing practice, nursing education, administration and research. The primary purpose of the intervention is to improve the balance score among elderly people in the age group of 60-80 years. DISCUSSION The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly people. One group pretest post test (preexperimental design) was adopted for this study. The sample size was 30.All the 30 subjects were participated in the study. On probability purposive sampling was used to select the samples. The researcher conducted the study to assess whether there is any difference in balance score among elderly after the exercise programme. Based on the objectives and hypothesis of the study data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Demographic description of the subjects. According to the age group in the 4groups, majority of the subjects were in the age group of both (71-75) and (76-80) years that were about 30%.23.30% of the subjects belongs to the age group between (60-65)years,16.60% of the subjects were between (66-70) years. Clinical description of the subjects 43.33% of subjects had chronic diseases, 23.30% of subjects were taking medication regularly. The first objective was to assess the balance score among elderly. The berg balance scale shows, the distribution of subjects according to pretest score 36.6% were poor in balance and 63.33% were good in balance. 22.3 were the pretest mean score. Shkuratova,N. et al.,(2004) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of aging on balance control during walking. The study was conducted in gait laboratory in Australia. The design used was two group repeated measures design. Convenient sample of 20 healthy older adults and 20 young subjects were participated. The outcome measures used were gait speed, stride length and double –limb support duration by using foot witch system. Significant interaction between age and balance were measured by ANOVA. By conclusion, the author says that, balance strategies are specific and vary according to age and dual task conditions. Older adults walked more slowly as compared to younger people when turning or performing secondary tasks. Evaluate the effectiveness of exercise programme in improving balance score among elderly. The comparison between the balance score before and after the exercise programme was statistically evaluated by using paired t test.The mean pretest score was 22.3and mean post test score was 39.5.The obtained paired t value was 18.49 which is greater than the table value and it was significant at p Tony pigford et al., (2010) conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of balance training programme on balance control among elderly people with balance impairments. The design used for this study was pre experimental case design. An elderly patient with recent history of falls involved in this study, in subjects who underwent 2 weeks of balance training programme in the form of balance exercises. Pretest and post test outcome measures were recorded by using berg balance scale and activity-specific Balance. In BBS score, the score was increased by 12 points as compaired to pretest. The authors concluded that, the patient shows improvements in balance outcome measures after the exercise programme. Associate the balance scores with selected demographic and clinical variables. The association of balance score using ANOVA with selected demographic and clinical variables shows that, ´F ´ value for age was .865 and there value were not significant at any level. Hence there is no significant association exit between the balance score and the demographic variable. The association of balance score using t test with selected demographic and clinical variables shows that, the calculated ‘t’ value for education,maritalstatus,chronicdiseases,and use of medications were .929,1.357,1.829 and.392 respectively. These values were not significant at any level and there is no significant association exit between the balance scores and demographic and clinical variables. SUMMARY The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly. It was conducted in St. Thomas old age home at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore for which the following objectives were formulated. Assess the balance scores among elderly. Evaluate the effectiveness of exercise programme in improving balance scores among elderly. Associate the balance scores with selected demographic and clinical variables. The exercise programme selected as independent variable and significant changes in balance among elderly were considered as dependent variable for this study. The study tested the objectives and hypothesis and there was a highly significant difference in pre and posttest balance scores in subjects who underwent exercise programme. One group pretest post test pre-experimental design was adopted for this study. The sample comprises of total 30 elderly people in the age group of 60-80 years. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. The tool for data collection consists of the demographic and clinical variables of elderly people, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the balance scores among elderly people during the pre and post test. The study was conducted in St. Thomas old age home at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore. After the pretest, the researcher involved the study subjects in the exercise programme to improve the balance. Based on the hypothesis and objectives, data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics to document the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly. The exercise programme had a significant effect in improving the balance scores, which was assessed through post test.The present study tested and proved the hypothesis MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY The pretest and post test results showed that exercise programme helps to improve the balance scores among elderly. It was an effective intervention to decrease the balance problems among elderly. The calculated mean pretest balance score of elderly was 22.3 and post test balance score was 39.5 In the pretest, 36.6% of elderly people were in poor balance score and 63.33% were in good balance score. In the post test, 50% of elderly people were in good balance score and 50% were in excellent balance score. The obtained paired t test value for balance score was 18.490, which is greater than the table value and was highly significant at (p The association of balance scores with age using ANOVA reveals that the calculated ‘F’ value was .865 and it was statistically not significant at any level, there was no association exit with the balance score and demographic variable. Test with balance score and selected variables had no association. CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn from the study. Based on statistical analysis, formulated hypothesis is accepted and evidence supports that, there is a significant improvement in balance scores among elderly after exercise programme. So, exercise programme is an effective intervention in improving the balance score among elderly. IMPLICATIONS Older adults are more prone to get injuries due to physiological and psychological changes, so nurses have an important role to take care of elderly. Fall related injuries are most common among older adults, So effective intervention is necessary for the proper management. NURSING PRACTICE Nursing staffs can explain about the exercise programme, to the older adults and to the family members. Implication of this intervention will develop awareness in staff nurses to take adequate safety measures while taking care of elderly. NURSING EDUCATION Nursing students can learn the different types of balance exercises with the findings of the study and also they can assess the balance impairments among elderly in a good manner. Nurse educators can arrange simulation classes on balance exercise programmes to teach about the types of exercises. NURSING ADMINISTRATION Nursing administrator can teach the staff nurses regarding exercise for elderly, thereby improving standard of nursing care. Nurse administrator, can encourage the staff nurses, to teach the patients about exercises programme. Nurse administrator can conduct in-service education regarding exercise programme. Nurse administrator can make guidelines for exercise programme especially in case of elderly. NURSING RESEARCH The present study provides support to the further studies. The study, favours for evidence based practice. The results of this study can disseminate through the conferences, seminars publication in national and international journals. LIMITATIONS Numbers of samples were limited to 30. The study was limited to females. The study was limited to single setting RECOMMENDATIONS A comparative study can be done with control group. A longitudinal study can be done with large sample size. A quasi-experimental study can be done with more types of exercises. ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programme on balance score among elderly people. The study was undertaken by RegNo: 301210453 during the year (2013-2014) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in nursing at KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore. Objectives of the study was to assess the balance scores among old age people in the age group of 60-80 years,determine the effectiveness of exercise programme in improving balance scores among elderly, identify the association between the balance scores with selected demographic and clinical variables. The study was conducted in St. Thomas old age home, at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore. Conceptual frame work adopted for this study was based on Ernestine, Wiedenbach’s theory (1970). The research design used for this study was one group pretest post test design. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples and the sample size of the study was 30. Pretest balance score of the study subjects were collected using a standardized scale (berg balance scale) from elderly in the age group of 60-80 years who were staying in St. Thomas old age home at Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore. Then study subjects were given, the recommended exercise programme and the post test score was done at the end of the intervention. The findings of the study revealed that exerciseprogramme was effective to improve the balance scores among elderly.

John Proctor and Elizabeths Relationship Essay -- The Crucible John P

John Proctor and Elizabeth's Relationship In the beginning of the play John speaks about Elizabeth once to Abigail. Abby has said that Elizabeth was a cold and sickly wife. John says to her that she has no right to speak of his wife in such a manner and renounces the comment about her being sickly. He does not, although, dismiss Abby's charge that Elizabeth is a cold wife. But, he means it is because of him that she is this way. In the beginning of Act 2 there was a great feeling of detachment and tension in the Proctor household. We see John trying to start a conversation with Elizabeth and she only gives him short answers to please him. Then the tide turns to her questioning him and he is the one that becomes short with her because she is requesting that he go to Salem and confess that Abigail is liar. To do that, though he must confess his sin. During most of the scene they're not sure of each other. She doesn't quite trust him, but she loves him. Proctor believes himself to be an abomination in his own eyes and according to his own high standards and especiall...

Cultural interview

Adriana was going to react to certain topics/questions and this made me apprehensive about conducting the interview. I was nervous that she might feel vulnerable about her hearing impediment since she is a private individual. She was ridiculed in school and did not have many friends. I was unaware if Adriana would avoid questions or become emotional about her childhood. I was also apprehensive about mentioning her nationality and if she felt that she had experienced racism. I remained empathetic and nonjudgmental throughout the entire interview.Adriana is currently a 33-year-old Mexican American left handed female with a hearing disability. She currently has no hearing in her right ear and has only 10% in her left ear. She has two hearing aids and is able to communicate by reading lips, text messaging, and by email. She is not able to communicate utilizing a telephone. She has been bilingual (Spanish and English) since the age of about five. Adriana lost most of hearing at the age of seven because she was afflicted with polio. She mentioned that she was sick for a week and was never hospitalized.She suffered from high fevers and lost the majority of her hearing over the course of a eek. She went from being able to hear the chirping ofa bird to only being able to hear muffled voices! She obtained hearing aids about two weeks after being afflicted with polio. She went through extensive amounts of speech therapy during and outside of the school setting. However, she has always excelled academically in school. She claims that most of the teachers were accommodating and let her sit in the front of the class. However, she did mention that she was ridiculed throughout her grade school years.She claims that her classmates would throw â€Å"spit balls† at her and make fun of her speech impediment. She never lashed out at people and tried to ignore their immature behavior. She mentions that she was lucky to have older brothers that were very protective. Many peopl e felt that she was â€Å"freeloading† because of her Mexican heritage and did not get to know her or even recognize that she was also an American. She mentioned that her parents came to America legally n their green cards) and became Mexican American citizens. Adriana mentioned that she was not popular and only associated with a few friends.She was very emotional during this topic! She would â€Å"tear up† at times because she felt like she was reliving bad memories. She felt like no one could relate to her because no one else had a disability and was a â€Å"minority. † It was also hard for her to realize that her hearing was gradually deteriorating! She currently has a Bachelor's Degree in Media and the Fine Arts and an Associate's Degree in Medical Billing and Coding. She is currently working at a doctor's office part time utilizing her Medical Billing and Coding degree.She does not seem passionate about her Job because she is in a private office (by herself ) doing computer coding. She feels excluded because she cannot fulfill the entire Job description. She is only able to complete the paperwork/ omputer portion of her current position. She is unable to communicate by telephone and feels incompetent because of her speech/hearing impediment. She always dreamt about becoming a nurse and wanted to follow in the footsteps of her older siblings. She knew that she would be unable to fulfill her dream because her hearing loss would affect her Job performance.Despite struggling and having a low self esteem, she found a husband that is able to look past her disability. Her body language and tone of voice seemed to change when we were talking about her husband. She seemed to be very comfortable talking about him and was very open bout answering questions. Her face lit up, there was excitement in her answers, and she appeared less tense. She has been married for five years to her husband named Gabriel and resides in Portage, Indiana. She has no children but has two cats and dogs! She constantly has nephews and nieces that spend the night.They refer to her as the â€Å"favorite† aunt. She stated, â€Å"l love spending time with my nieces and nephews, however when I have had enough then I can send them home. † They call her â€Å"Auntie Nana† and she displays their artwork proudly throughout her house and on the refrigerator. Adriana grew up in a single-family household in Whiting, Indiana. Her father was in her life for about seven years. She claims that he cheated on her mother and she kicked him out of the house. Adriana is a middle child of four brothers and sisters. Her mother worked at a nursing home as a Janitor and did not make much money.Her older brother and sister would often look after the younger children when her mother was at work. She was raised Catholic and presently attends church weekly. She grew up in a bilingual and strict household. She was expected to have chores and homework done by the time her mother was home. She still remains close with her family and sees them on a regular basis. I was shocked to find out that she has not spoken to her father for almost a decade. She also confided in me that she has about 15 half brothers/sisters from her father's â€Å"mistresses. She has emailed four of them and does not know anything about the other siblings. I was also amazed that since she has such a large Mexican family, she only participates in some Mexican traditions. She mentioned that her large, extended family gathers together for birthdays, Cinco de Mayo, and holidays. They typically indulge in Mexican Cuisine, such as: tamales, guacamole, tacos, and flautas. She stated that growing up with a disability and being Mexican was never easy. Adriana mentioned that she experienced racism when she was younger. She experienced racial profiling and was referred to as a â€Å"Spic. They would ask her if sne nad a green card and it sne was an illegal alien. Her mothe r's lower socioeconomic status was reflected in Adriana's wardrobe. She also mentioned she received free and reduced school lunches. Her classmates ridiculed her for all of these things. She did not socialize with many students and often sat by herself in the cafeteria. She felt alone because of her disability and race. She often felt that eople were making fun of her and talking behind her back. In her current work environment she often feels looked down upon because of her hearing disability.Adriana still has an upbeat personality despite all of the adversities in her life. She views herself as being successful and accomplished. She overcame the odds and went to college and obtained two degrees. She is married, has a Job, and owns a home. She credits much of her success to having a supportive and loving family. Her mother always encouraged and inspired her to pursue her dreams and never treated her differently from any of her other siblings (without disabilities). Adriana was rais ed with love and discipline. Her mother was never embarrassed to punish her or her siblings in public.They were taught that nothing is free and that they have to work hard for what they have. There are three nurses in her family and each of her siblings has their own homes and Jobs. She did mention that she grew up in a poverty stricken environment. Her mother was on welfare and food stamps throughout the course of her childhood. Her clothing was either from Goodwill and/ or second hand clothing from her older siblings. She lived in a three-bedroom house and shared a room with four of her sisters. As a counselor, I have learned not to have a pre-conceived notion about a client.I have also learned that you cannot Judge a book by its cover. Adriana has overcome many obstacles/hurdles in her life that most people could never imagine. She is legally â€Å"deaf† and has never once given up on pursuing her goals. She mentioned that she is a candidate for the cochlear implant but do es not want to undergo the procedure. She assured me that she has learned to adjust her life around her hearing deficit. I have learned that she is not defined by her disability but by her ability! I felt empathetic towards the amount of bullying that she had endured.She was never once vengeful but was saddened that certain individuals could physically and emotionally torment someone. As a counselor, I would advocate for this client by helping her obtain information on disability and social security. Due to her socioeconomic status, transportation may need to be provided for appointments to/from the counseling sessions. I would also provide her with a list of vocational rehabilitation offices to help her obtain information related to employment, assistive technology, and transition services.Other resources that can be valuable to Adriana include a sign language translator and a videophone. I can also provide information on support groups for individuals with hearing disabilities. I feel that she would benefit from individual and family counseling despite having a positive outlook on her scenario. This interview made me realize that someone with a minority/disability can overcome obstacles that seem nonexistent to someone without a disability or a minority. She may have had many struggles throughout her life, but was fortunate to have the support of her mother nd siblings.Even though Adriana is a minority with a disability, she has a positive attitude towards life. She takes everything in stride and does not want sympathy. Adriana has always been successful and seems to excel despite her disability. Overcoming many adversities, sne remains optimistic about ner tuture. She is ag advocate and role model for minorities with a disability. She is a role model to her nieces and nephews. She constantly encourages them to pursue their dreams and a higher education. She does not let her disability limit her lifestyle or outlook on life. Cultural interview Adriana was going to react to certain topics/questions and this made me apprehensive about conducting the interview. I was nervous that she might feel vulnerable about her hearing impediment since she is a private individual. She was ridiculed in school and did not have many friends. I was unaware if Adriana would avoid questions or become emotional about her childhood. I was also apprehensive about mentioning her nationality and if she felt that she had experienced racism. I remained empathetic and nonjudgmental throughout the entire interview.Adriana is currently a 33-year-old Mexican American left handed female with a hearing disability. She currently has no hearing in her right ear and has only 10% in her left ear. She has two hearing aids and is able to communicate by reading lips, text messaging, and by email. She is not able to communicate utilizing a telephone. She has been bilingual (Spanish and English) since the age of about five. Adriana lost most of hearing at the age of seven because she was afflicted with polio. She mentioned that she was sick for a week and was never hospitalized.She suffered from high fevers and lost the majority of her hearing over the course of a eek. She went from being able to hear the chirping ofa bird to only being able to hear muffled voices! She obtained hearing aids about two weeks after being afflicted with polio. She went through extensive amounts of speech therapy during and outside of the school setting. However, she has always excelled academically in school. She claims that most of the teachers were accommodating and let her sit in the front of the class. However, she did mention that she was ridiculed throughout her grade school years.She claims that her classmates would throw â€Å"spit balls† at her and make fun of her speech impediment. She never lashed out at people and tried to ignore their immature behavior. She mentions that she was lucky to have older brothers that were very protective. Many peopl e felt that she was â€Å"freeloading† because of her Mexican heritage and did not get to know her or even recognize that she was also an American. She mentioned that her parents came to America legally n their green cards) and became Mexican American citizens. Adriana mentioned that she was not popular and only associated with a few friends.She was very emotional during this topic! She would â€Å"tear up† at times because she felt like she was reliving bad memories. She felt like no one could relate to her because no one else had a disability and was a â€Å"minority. † It was also hard for her to realize that her hearing was gradually deteriorating! She currently has a Bachelor's Degree in Media and the Fine Arts and an Associate's Degree in Medical Billing and Coding. She is currently working at a doctor's office part time utilizing her Medical Billing and Coding degree.She does not seem passionate about her Job because she is in a private office (by herself ) doing computer coding. She feels excluded because she cannot fulfill the entire Job description. She is only able to complete the paperwork/ omputer portion of her current position. She is unable to communicate by telephone and feels incompetent because of her speech/hearing impediment. She always dreamt about becoming a nurse and wanted to follow in the footsteps of her older siblings. She knew that she would be unable to fulfill her dream because her hearing loss would affect her Job performance.Despite struggling and having a low self esteem, she found a husband that is able to look past her disability. Her body language and tone of voice seemed to change when we were talking about her husband. She seemed to be very comfortable talking about him and was very open bout answering questions. Her face lit up, there was excitement in her answers, and she appeared less tense. She has been married for five years to her husband named Gabriel and resides in Portage, Indiana. She has no children but has two cats and dogs! She constantly has nephews and nieces that spend the night.They refer to her as the â€Å"favorite† aunt. She stated, â€Å"l love spending time with my nieces and nephews, however when I have had enough then I can send them home. † They call her â€Å"Auntie Nana† and she displays their artwork proudly throughout her house and on the refrigerator. Adriana grew up in a single-family household in Whiting, Indiana. Her father was in her life for about seven years. She claims that he cheated on her mother and she kicked him out of the house. Adriana is a middle child of four brothers and sisters. Her mother worked at a nursing home as a Janitor and did not make much money.Her older brother and sister would often look after the younger children when her mother was at work. She was raised Catholic and presently attends church weekly. She grew up in a bilingual and strict household. She was expected to have chores and homework done by the time her mother was home. She still remains close with her family and sees them on a regular basis. I was shocked to find out that she has not spoken to her father for almost a decade. She also confided in me that she has about 15 half brothers/sisters from her father's â€Å"mistresses. She has emailed four of them and does not know anything about the other siblings. I was also amazed that since she has such a large Mexican family, she only participates in some Mexican traditions. She mentioned that her large, extended family gathers together for birthdays, Cinco de Mayo, and holidays. They typically indulge in Mexican Cuisine, such as: tamales, guacamole, tacos, and flautas. She stated that growing up with a disability and being Mexican was never easy. Adriana mentioned that she experienced racism when she was younger. She experienced racial profiling and was referred to as a â€Å"Spic. They would ask her if sne nad a green card and it sne was an illegal alien. Her mothe r's lower socioeconomic status was reflected in Adriana's wardrobe. She also mentioned she received free and reduced school lunches. Her classmates ridiculed her for all of these things. She did not socialize with many students and often sat by herself in the cafeteria. She felt alone because of her disability and race. She often felt that eople were making fun of her and talking behind her back. In her current work environment she often feels looked down upon because of her hearing disability.Adriana still has an upbeat personality despite all of the adversities in her life. She views herself as being successful and accomplished. She overcame the odds and went to college and obtained two degrees. She is married, has a Job, and owns a home. She credits much of her success to having a supportive and loving family. Her mother always encouraged and inspired her to pursue her dreams and never treated her differently from any of her other siblings (without disabilities). Adriana was rais ed with love and discipline. Her mother was never embarrassed to punish her or her siblings in public.They were taught that nothing is free and that they have to work hard for what they have. There are three nurses in her family and each of her siblings has their own homes and Jobs. She did mention that she grew up in a poverty stricken environment. Her mother was on welfare and food stamps throughout the course of her childhood. Her clothing was either from Goodwill and/ or second hand clothing from her older siblings. She lived in a three-bedroom house and shared a room with four of her sisters. As a counselor, I have learned not to have a pre-conceived notion about a client.I have also learned that you cannot Judge a book by its cover. Adriana has overcome many obstacles/hurdles in her life that most people could never imagine. She is legally â€Å"deaf† and has never once given up on pursuing her goals. She mentioned that she is a candidate for the cochlear implant but do es not want to undergo the procedure. She assured me that she has learned to adjust her life around her hearing deficit. I have learned that she is not defined by her disability but by her ability! I felt empathetic towards the amount of bullying that she had endured.She was never once vengeful but was saddened that certain individuals could physically and emotionally torment someone. As a counselor, I would advocate for this client by helping her obtain information on disability and social security. Due to her socioeconomic status, transportation may need to be provided for appointments to/from the counseling sessions. I would also provide her with a list of vocational rehabilitation offices to help her obtain information related to employment, assistive technology, and transition services.Other resources that can be valuable to Adriana include a sign language translator and a videophone. I can also provide information on support groups for individuals with hearing disabilities. I feel that she would benefit from individual and family counseling despite having a positive outlook on her scenario. This interview made me realize that someone with a minority/disability can overcome obstacles that seem nonexistent to someone without a disability or a minority. She may have had many struggles throughout her life, but was fortunate to have the support of her mother nd siblings.Even though Adriana is a minority with a disability, she has a positive attitude towards life. She takes everything in stride and does not want sympathy. Adriana has always been successful and seems to excel despite her disability. Overcoming many adversities, sne remains optimistic about ner tuture. She is ag advocate and role model for minorities with a disability. She is a role model to her nieces and nephews. She constantly encourages them to pursue their dreams and a higher education. She does not let her disability limit her lifestyle or outlook on life.